Quantify GHG emissions and EPR compliance obligations from e-waste and battery disposal. Covers Indian E-Waste Rules 2022, Battery Waste Management Rules 2022, EU WEEE Directive, and Basel Convention.
| Regulation | Authority | Scope | Key Requirement | Penalty |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-Waste (Mgmt) Rules 2022 | MoEFCC / CPCB | All EEE producers, importers, brand owners, dismantlers, recyclers | EPR registration; annual targets 30–70%; CPCB portal filing | ₹1Cr fine / 7yr jail |
| Battery Waste Mgmt Rules 2022 | MoEFCC / CPCB | Battery producers, importers, dealers — all chemistries | Pb-acid 90%; Li-ion 30%→70%; EV battery EPR from FY2023-24 | EPA 1986 penalties |
| Hazardous Waste Rules 2016 (Amended 2019) | MoEFCC / CPCB / SPCBs | E-waste containing Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr(VI), BFRs | Authorisation for collection, storage, transport, treatment | ₹1Cr fine |
| BIS IS 16046 (RoHS) | BIS / MoEFCC | EEE sold in India — hazardous substance limits | Pb ≤0.1%, Cd ≤0.01%, Hg ≤0.1%, Cr(VI) ≤0.1%, PBB/PBDE ≤0.1% | BIS compulsory registration |
| Environment Protection Act 1986 | MoEFCC | All industrial waste incl. e-waste | Compliance with all waste rules; SPCBs enforce state-level | ₹1Cr + 7yr imprisonment |
| CPCB Extended Producer Responsibility Portal | CPCB | EPR-registered producers/brands | Annual EPR plan filing; quarterly reports; EPR certificate transactions | Non-compliance = deregistration |
| CGPDTM E-Waste Stewardship | MoEFCC / CGPDTM | PRO-based EPR collection | Producer Responsibility Organisation registration | Regulatory non-compliance |
| GST on E-Waste Services | CBIC | Authorised recycler transactions | 5% GST on e-waste collection/processing services | GST penalties |
| Standard / Law | Jurisdiction | Scope | Key Metric / Target |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU WEEE Directive 2012/19/EU | European Union | All electrical & electronic equipment placed on EU market | 65% collection or 85% WEEE generated |
| EU Battery Regulation 2023/1542 | European Union | All battery chemistries — replaces 2006/66/EC | Li-ion: 50% recycled 2025; 80% 2030. Recycled content: Co 16%, Li 6%, Ni 6% by 2030 |
| EU RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU | European Union | Hazardous substances in EEE | Same limits as BIS IS 16046 (Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr(VI), PBB, PBDE) |
| Basel Convention | 180+ countries incl. India | Transboundary movement of hazardous waste | Annex VIII: prohibited e-waste exports without PIC. Annex IX: non-hazardous exemptions |
| EPA RCRA (USA) | United States | Hazardous waste generators | Universal Waste Rule — streamlined management for batteries/lamps |
| California SB-100 E-Waste | California, USA | Electronic Waste Recycling Act (EWRA) | Covered devices recycling fee; manufacturers registered |
| IEC 62321 | International | Determination of hazardous substances in EEE | Test method for RoHS compliance verification |
| ECMA-370 v4 (2020) | International | ICT equipment product carbon footprint | EoL EF: 1.2 kgCO₂e/kg e-waste average (default Tier 1) |
| EN 50625 (CENELEC) | Europe | WEEE treatment requirements | Minimum treatment requirements per WEEE stream |
| ISO 14044 LCA | International | Life cycle assessment methodology | System expansion credits for recovered materials |
| UN SDG 12.5 | United Nations | Sustainable consumption & production | By 2030: substantially reduce waste generation |
| OECD EPR Guidance (2016) | OECD members | Policy framework for EPR | Design for environment, take-back schemes, eco-modulation fees |
| Material / Stream | EF (kgCO₂e/kg) | Basis / Source |
|---|---|---|
| E-waste (general, to landfill) | 1.20 | ECMA-370 v4 · IPCC 2006 Vol.5 |
| Li-ion battery (consumer) — EoL | 0.30 | IEA 2023 Battery Lifecycle Analysis |
| Li-ion battery (EV) — EoL | 0.15 | ICCT 2021 · IEA 2023 |
| Lead-acid battery — EoL | 0.08 | IPCC 2006 Vol.5 · ISO 14044 |
| Button cell (Hg/Ag) | 2.50 | ECMA-370; Basel Tech. Guidelines Y48 |
| Informal burning / open burn | 3.50 | UNEP 2015; WHO toxic compound equiv. |
| Gold recovery credit | −53.0 kgCO₂e/g | ISO 14044 system expansion; IPCC mining EF |
| Copper recovery credit | −4.0 kgCO₂e/kg | World Copper Factbook; ISO 14044 |
| Aluminium recovery credit | −8.0 kgCO₂e/kg | IAI Aluminium Lifecycle; ISO 14044 |
| Silver recovery credit | −0.15 kgCO₂e/g | Silver Institute LCA; ISO 14044 |
| India Grid electricity | 0.727 kgCO₂/kWh | CEA CO₂ Baseline DB v20.0 (Dec 2024) |
| Road freight (7.5t HGV) | 0.085 kgCO₂e/t·km | DEFRA 2025 Freight Transport EF |